Science
Daily (Apr. 29, 2012) — The challenges that come with battling a chronic medical
condition or developmental disability are enough to get a young person down.
But being left out, ignored or bullied by their peers is the main reason youths
with special health care needs report symptoms of anxiety or depression,
according to a study to be presented`123 April 29, at the Pediatric Academic
Societies (PAS) annual meeting in Boston.
In this
study, researchers led by Margaret Ellis McKenna, MD, senior fellow in
developmental-behavioral pediatrics at Medical University of South Carolina,
investigated the impact of bullying, ostracism and diagnosis of a chronic
medical condition on the emotional well-being of youths with special health
care needs.Being bullied has been shown to increase students' risk for academic
and emotional problems. Little research has been done specifically on how being
a victim of bullying affects youths with special needs.
Participants
ages 8-17 years were recruited from a children's hospital during routine visits
with their physicians. A total of 109 youths and their parents/guardians
completed questionnaires that screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Youths also completed a screening tool that assessed whether they had been
bullied or excluded by their peers.
The main
categories of youths' diagnoses included attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (39 percent), cystic fibrosis (22 percent), type 1 or 2 diabetes (19
percent), sickle cell disease (11 percent), obesity (11 percent), learning
disability (11 percent), autism spectrum disorder (9 percent) and short stature
(6 percent). Several children had a combination of these diagnoses.
Results
of the youths' answers on the questionnaires showed that being bullied and/or
ostracized were the strongest predictors of increased symptoms of depression or
anxiety. When looking at both parent and child reports, ostracism was the
strongest indicator of these symptoms.
"What
is notable about these findings is that despite all the many challenges these
children face in relation to their chronic medical or developmental diagnosis,
being bullied or excluded by their peers were the factors most likely to
predict whether or not they reported symptoms of depression," Dr. McKenna
said.
"Professionals
need to be particularly alert in screening for the presence of being bullied or
ostracized in this already vulnerable group of students," she added.
In
addition, schools should have clear policies to prevent and address bullying
and ostracism, Dr. McKenna suggested, as well as programs that promote a
culture of inclusion and sense of belonging for all students.
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